Congressional Research Service

U.s.-china Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service

Publisher Marketing: This CRS Report, updated through the 113th Congress, discusses policy issues regarding military-to-military (mil-to-mil) contacts with the People's Republic of China (PRC) and records major contacts and crises since 1993. The United States suspended military contacts with China and imposed sanctions on arms sales in response to the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989. In 1993, President Clinton reengaged with the top PRC leadership, including China's military, the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Renewed military exchanges with the PLA have not regained the closeness reached in the 1980s, when U. S.-PRC strategic alignment against the Soviet Union included U. S. arms sales to China. Improvements and deteriorations in overall bilateral engagement have affected military contacts, which were close in 1997-1998 and 2000, but marred by the 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait crisis, mistaken NATO bombing of a PRC embassy in 1999, the EP-3 aircraft collision crisis in 2001, and the PLA's aggressive maritime and air confrontations. Issues for Congress include whether the Administration complies with legislation overseeing dealings with the PLA and pursues contacts with the PLA that advance a prioritized set of U. S. security interests, especially the operational safety of U. S. military personnel. Oversight legislation includes the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY1990-FY1991 (P. L. 101-246) and National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2000 (P. L. 106-65). A particular issue is whether the President is required to issue waivers of sanctions. Skeptics and proponents of military exchanges with the PRC have debated whether the contacts achieve results in U. S. objectives and whether the contacts contribute to the PLA's warfighting capability that might harm U. S. and allied security interests. Some have argued about whether the value that U. S. officials place on the contacts overly extends leverage to the PLA. Some believe talks can serve U. S. interests that include risk-reduction or conflict-avoidance; military-civilian coordination; transparency and reciprocity; tension reduction over Taiwan; weapons nonproliferation; talks on nuclear, missile, space, and/or cyber domains; counterterrorism; and POW/MIA accounting.