Robb, Peter (, Research Professor, History of India, Professor Emeritus, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS, University of London))

Useful Friendship: Europeans and Indians in Early Calcutta Robb, Peter (, Research Professor, History of India, Professor Emeritus, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS, University of London))

Robb's portrayal of Calcutta around 1800 again focuses on middling Europeans and the workings of friendship. It shows friendly norms and networks underwriting credit, securing jobs, shaping work-practices, facilitating town-development, and mediating for law and administration, while mostly excluding Indian employers, partners, agents, and employees. Europeans' personal experiences and mores assisted the evolution and acceptance of public regulation, and theconvenient invention of a 'virtuous' British imperial identity, while Europeans and Indians often displayed mutual failures of inclusion and understanding.